Hallux Valgus

hallux valgus is a common foot deformity in which the big toe (hallux) gradually deviates toward the smaller toes, causing a bony prominence to form on the inner side of the foot at the base of the big toe, commonly known as a bunion... this condition develops when the normal alignment of the first metatarsophalangeal joint is disturbed, leading to joint instability, inflammation, and progressive deformity over time... it is more frequent in women and is often associated with wearing tight, narrow, or high‑heeled shoes, although genetic factors, flat feet, abnormal foot mechanics, arthritis, and ligament laxity also play significant roles... symptoms may include pain, swelling, redness, restricted movement of the big toe, difficulty wearing shoes, and the development of calluses or corns due to friction.. in early stages, treatment is usually conservative and focuses on relieving symptoms through proper footwear, orthotic insoles, toe spacers, pain relief medication, and activity modification... however, if the deformity becomes severe or the pain interferes with daily activities, surgical correction may be considered to realign the bone, correct soft tissue imbalance, and restore joint function...